Has gone to Andrew Fire and Craig Mello for discovery of RNA interference also known as RNAi or miRNA/siRNA. Here is their original article.

I like that they won this prize. I use siRNA a lot, and the discovery of siRNA and miRNA has also uncovered a new regulatory system used by the cell that was previously unthought of. Always before the dogma of molecular biology was that DNA is transcribed to RNA which is translated to protein, and it's the proteins which are functional.

This has subsequently found to be overly simplistic. RNA has shown itself to be just as important as proteins for determining cell phenotype. Not only is it responsible for translation of DNA into protein, but it also can act in a variety of other ways. It can act in a gene-regulatory role as miRNA, weakly binding to transcripts and preventing their translation. It appears to act as a silencing transcription factor on DNA to cause it to be methylated, thus decreasing transcription from a locus. Then there are the variety of enzymatic functions of RNA that have shown it is vital for things like the translational machinery itself.

This is a great decision to award the Nobel to the discover of siRNA. Their discovery has really opened up an entirely new field and allowed new insight into the functions of RNA in the cell.